In my new book, 
Stealth of Nations, I have a chapter I call 'Against Efficiency,' in which I argue that we have deified market efficiency at the expense of employment and opportunity. In a similar vein, here's Brazilian social thinker 
Ladislau Dowbor, with a brisk jeremiad 
against productivity. Money quotes: 
In Brazil the combination of perverse mechanisms of the market – the  more you throw the indirect costs to  society, the more competitive you  are – and the mechanisms of corporate control over political decisions,  cause the destruction of forests, pollution of water sources, the  accumulation of unemployed people in urban peripheries, and the  deepening of social imbalances through the appropriation of the results  of production by few national and international groups....
What we need, to put the numbers straight, is for each municipality to  work out the complete picture of the activities in its territory, with a  battery of indicators of quality of life, allowing the community to  answer basic questions: Are we living better? Is the path we have taken  sustainable? Are the diverse factors of production – including the  work-force – used in a balanced way? 
 
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